What is the difference between justification and sanctification?

A mother with her teenage son.

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Maybe thirteen.

“Okay,” she said, “explain justification versus sanctification.”

The kid didn’t pause.

“Justification is God declaring us righteous based on Christ’s righteousness. It’s forensic—like a legal verdict. It’s instant and complete the moment we believe. Sanctification is God making us righteous through the Holy Spirit. It’s progressive—over our lifetime. Justification changes our position before God. Sanctification changes our practice. Justification is once-for-all. Sanctification is ongoing.”